Background
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10a (TRAIL R1), also known as TRAIL receptor 1 (TRAIL R1) or CD261 antigen, is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is activated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TNFSF10/TRAIL), and thus transduces cell death signal and induces cell apoptosis. Studies with FADD-deficient mice suggested that FADD, a death domain containing adaptor protein, is required for the apoptosis mediated by this protein. TRAIL R1/CD261/TNFRSF10A serves as a receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TNFSF10/TRAIL. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. TRAIL R1 can promote the activation of NF-kappa-B. TRAIL R1/CD261/TNFRSF10A induces apoptosis of many transformed cell lines but not of normal tissues, even though its death domain-containing receptor, DR4, is expressed on both cell types.
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