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Spike Protein
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
SARS-CoV-2 S Protein
Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses possessing large, trimeric spike glycoproteins (S protein) required for the recognition of host receptors for many coronaviruses as well as the fusion of viral and host cell membranes for viral entry into cells. The spike glycoprotein (S protein) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mediates the receptor interaction and immune recognition. It binds to host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is a critical step for virus entry. Another major feature of coronavirus S protein is its capacity to induce neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity, and it is thereby considered a major target for vaccine development [1].
The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. S1 mainly contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing the cell surface receptor, and S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion [2].
Proteins
| Cat.No. | Product Name | Sequence | Tag | Source | Activity | More | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PKSR030498 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S1+S2 Protein (ECD, His Tag) | Val16-Pro1213 | C-6His | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | √ | ||
| PKSR030484 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV Spike Protein (NTD, His Tag) | / | C-His | Human Cells | / | ||
| PKSR030489 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S-trimer Protein (His Tag) | / | C-His | Human Cells | / | ||
Antibodies
| Cat.No. | Product Name | Source | Isotype | Applications | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-AB-V1021 | Anti-2019-nCoV S-hIgG1 Neutralizing Antibody | Human | IgG1 | Neutralization, ELISA | ||
| E-AB-V1022 | Anti-2019-nCoV S-mIgG1 Neutralizing Antibody | Mouse | IgG1 | Neutralization, ELISA | ||
| E-AB-V1023 | Anti-2019-nCoV S-cIgG1 Neutralizing Antibody | Cynomolgus | IgG1 | Neutralization, ELISA | ||
| E-AB-V1024 | Anti-2019-nCoV Spike Neutralizing Antibody | Mouse | IgG1 | Neutralization, ELISA | ||
| E-AB-V1025 | Anti-2019-nCoV Spike Neutralizing Antibody | Mouse | IgG1 | Neutralization, ELISA | ||
| E-AB-V1026 | Anti-2019-nCoV S-IgM Neutralizing Antibody | Human | IgM | Neutralization, ELISA | ||
| E-AB-V1027 | Anti-2019-nCoV S-IgA Neutralizing Antibody | Human | IgA | Neutralization, ELISA | ||
SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein
The amino acid sequences of S1 subunit of coronavirus S protein diverge across different genera but are relatively conserved within each genus. S1 contains two independent domains, an N-terminal domain (S1-NTD) and a C-terminal domain (S1-CTD, also called S1 C-domain) [3]. Coronaviruses have evolved a complex receptor recognition pattern: (i) either or both of these S1 domains can function as a receptor-binding domain (RBD) due to different Coronavirus. (ii) Highly similar coronavirus S1-CTDs within the same genus can recognize different protein receptors, whereas very different coronavirus S1-CTDs from different genera can recognize the same protein receptor; and (iii) coronavirus S1-NTDs can recognize either protein or sugar receptors. Understanding the receptor recognition mechanisms of coronaviruses can provide critical insight into the origin, evolution, and receptor selection of coronaviruses [4].
Proteins
| Cat.No. | Product Name | Sequence | Tag | Source | Activity | More | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PKSR030481 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S1 Protein | Gln14-Arg685 | / | Human Cells | √ | ||
| PKSR030479 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S1 Protein (mFc Tag) | Gln14-Arg685 | C-mFc | Human Cells | √ | ||
| PKSR030480 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S1 Protein (Fc Tag) | Gln14-Arg685 | C-Fc | Human Cells | √ | ||
| PKSR030482 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S1 Protein (His Tag) | Val16-Arg685 | C-6His | Human Cells | / | ||
| PKSR030483 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S1 Protein (CTD, His Tag) | / | N-8His-Flag | Human Cells | / | ||
| PKSR030502 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S1 Protein (Fc Tag) | Val16-Arg685 | C-Fc | Human Cells | √ | ||
| PKSR030503 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S1 Protein (His Tag) | Val16-Arg685 | C-6His | Human Cells | √ | ||
| PKSR030504 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S1 Protein (mFc Tag) | Val16-Arg685 | C-mFc | Human Cells | √ | ||
| PKSR030514 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S1 Protein (His Tag) | Met1-Arg685 | C-6His | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | √ | ||
| PKSR030515 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S1 Protein, Biotinylated (His Tag) | Val16-Arg685 | C-6His | Human Cells | √ | ||
Antibodies
| Cat.No. | Product Name | Source | Isotype | Applications | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-AB-V1001 | SARS-COV-2 Spike Monoclonal Antibody(2019-nCoV) | Human | IgG1 | ELISA | ||
| E-AB-V1002 | SARS-COV-2 Spike Monoclonal Antibody(2019-nCoV) | Mouse / Human | IgG1 | ELISA | ||
| E-AB-V1003 | SARS-COV-2 Spike Monoclonal Antibody(2019-nCoV) | Mouse / Human | IgG1 | IF,ELISA | ||
| E-AB-V1005 | SARS-COV-2 Spike S1 Monoclonal Antibody(2019-nCoV) | Rabbit | IgG | IF,ELISA | ||
SARS-CoV-2 RBD Protein
The binding interaction between coronavirus RBD and its receptor is one of the most important determinants of the coronavirus host range and cross-species infection. As for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, it is the S1-CTD plays the role of RBD, while the SARS-CoV S1-CTD binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and the MERS-CoV S1-CTD binds to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) [5].SARS-CoV-2 has the similar situation with SARS-CoV, the S1-CTD serves as the virus RBD.
Through amino acid (aa) sequence alignment with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S protein, scientists have located the functional domain in the S1 subunit ((aa14–685) of SARS-CoV-2 S protein: N-terminal domain (aa14–305), receptor-binding domain (aa319–541), and receptor-binding motif (aa437–508).
Elabscience® provides the RBD proteins of SARS-CoV-2 with different tags assisting your related research.
Proteins
Antibodies
| Cat.No. | Product Name | Source | Isotype | Applications | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-AB-V1001 | SARS-COV-2 Spike Monoclonal Antibody(2019-nCoV) | Human | IgG1 | ELISA | ||
| E-AB-V1002 | SARS-COV-2 Spike Monoclonal Antibody(2019-nCoV) | Mouse / Human | IgG1 | ELISA | ||
| E-AB-V1003 | SARS-COV-2 Spike Monoclonal Antibody(2019-nCoV) | Mouse / Human | IgG1 | IF,ELISA | ||
| E-AB-V1005 | SARS-COV-2 Spike S1 Monoclonal Antibody(2019-nCoV) | Rabbit | IgG | IF,ELISA | ||
| E-AB-V1006 | SARS-COV-2 Spike RBD Polyoclonal Antibody(2019-nCoV) | Rabbit | IgG | IF,ELISA | ||
SARS-CoV-2 S2 Protein
The S2 subunit of coronavirus S protein is responsible for membrane fusion during virus entry host cells. Amino acid sequence analysis has shown that the S2 subunit contains two tandem domains, heptad repeats 1 (HR1) and HR2, and it is more conserved than the S1 subunit among the CoVs. SARS-CoV S protein S2 subunit plays a key role in mediating virus fusion with and entry into the host cell, in which the heptad repeat 1 (HR1) and heptad repeat 2 (HR2) can interact to form six-helical bundle (6-HB), thereby bringing viral and cellular membranes in close proximity for fusion. However, it is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 also possesses a similar fusion and entry mechanism as that of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and if so, whether a SARS-CoV S-HR1 can also serve as an important target for the development of SARS-CoV fusion/entry inhibitors [6].
The latest research have located the functional domain in S2 subunit (aa686–1273): fusion peptide (aa788–806), HR1 (aa912–984), HR2 (aa1163–1213), transmembrane domain (aa1214–1237) and cytoplasm domain (aa1238–1273).
Proteins
| Cat.No. | Product Name | Sequence | Tag | Source | Activity | More | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PKSR030491 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S2 Protein (Fc Tag) | Ser686-Gln1208 | C-Fc | Human Cells | / | ||
| PKSR030505 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S2 Protein (ECD, His Tag) | Ser686-Pro1213 | C-6His | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | / | ||
| PKSR030516 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S2 Protein (mFc Tag) | Ser686-Pro1213 | C-mFc | Baculovirus-Insect Cells | / | ||
| PKSR030517 | Recombinant 2019-nCoV S2 Protein (ECD, Fc Tag) | Ser686-Pro1213 | C-Fc | Human Cells | / | ||
Antibodies
| Cat.No. | Product Name | Source | Isotype | Applications | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-AB-V1009 | SARS-COV-2 Spike S2 Monoclonal Antibody(2019-nCoV) | Mouse / Human | IgG1 | ELISA | ||
| E-AB-V1010 | SARS-COV-2 Spike S2 Polyclonal Antibody(2019-nCoV) | Rabbit | IgG | ELISA | ||
Reference
- 1.Bisht, H., A. Roberts, L. Vogel, et al. 2004. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein expressed by attenuated vaccinia virus protectively immunizes mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:6641-6646.
- 2. Matsuyama, S. & Taguchi, F. Two-step conformational changes in a coronavirus envelope glycoprotein mediated by receptor binding and proteolysis. Journal of virology 83, 11133–11141.
- 3.Li F. 2012. Evidence for a common evolutionary origin of coronavirus spike protein receptor-binding subunits. J Virol 86:2856–2858.
- 4.Fang Li. Receptor Recognition Mechanisms of Coronaviruses: a Decade of Structural Studies.JVI 89(4):1954-1964.
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