Synonyms	Growth/Differentiation Factor-11;GDF-11
Species	Human
Expression_host	E.coli
Sequence	Asn 299-Ser 407
Accession	O95390
Mol_Mass	13.4 kDa
AP_Mol_Mass	16 kDa
Tag	C-His
Bio_Activity	Measure by its ability to induce alkaline phosphatase production by ATDC5 cells.The ED₅₀ for this effect is <11 ng/mL.Measure by its ability to induce hemoglobin expression in K562 cells. The ED₅₀ for this effect is <4 ng/mL.

Properties

Purity	> 98 % as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.
Endotoxin level	< 0.1 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method.
Storage	Generally, lyophilized proteins are stable for up to 12 months when stored at -20 to -80℃. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 4-8℃ for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at < -20℃ for 3 months.
Shipping	This product is provided as lyophilized powder which is shipped with ice packs.
Formulation	Lyophilized from sterile 20 mM sodium citrate, 0.2 M NaCl, pH 3.5. Normally 5 % - 8 % trehalose, mannitol and 0.01% Tween80 are added as protectants before lyophilization. Please refer to the specific buffer information in the printed manual.
Reconstitution	Please refer to the printed manual for detailed information.

Background

Secreted signal that acts globally to regulate anterior/posterior axial patterning during development. May play critical roles in patterning both mesodermal and neural tissues. It is required for proper vertebral patterning and orofacial development. Signals through activin receptors type-2, ACVR2A and ACVR2B, and activin receptors type-1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C and TGFBR1 leading to the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3.

Citations

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