Synonyms	Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor;GM-CSF;Colony-Stimulating Factor;CSF;Molgramostin;Sargramostim;CSF2;GMCSF
Species	Human
Expression_host	E.coli
Sequence	Ala18-Glu144
Accession	P04141
Application	Cell Culture
Mol_Mass	15.4 kDa
AP_Mol_Mass	15 kDa
Tag	N-His
Bio_Activity	Measure by its ability to induce TF-1 cells proliferation. The ED₅₀ for this effect is <80 pg/mL. The specific activity of recombinant human GM-CSF is approximately >1 x 10⁷ IU/mg.

Properties

Purity	> 98 % as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.
Endotoxin level	< 0.1 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method.
Storage	Generally, lyophilized proteins are stable for up to 12 months when stored at -20 to -80℃. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 4-8℃ for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at < -20℃ for 3 months.
Shipping	This product is provided as lyophilized powder which is shipped with ice packs.
Formulation	Lyophilized from sterile PBS,pH 8.0. Normally 5 % - 8 % trehalose, mannitol and 0.01% Tween80 are added as protectants before lyophilization. Please refer to the specific buffer information in the printed manual.
Reconstitution	Please refer to the printed manual for detailed information.

Background

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) was initially characterized as a growth factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is produced by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells; B cells; macrophages; mast cells; endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine of immune and inflammatory stimuli. Besides granulocyte-macrophage progenitors; GM-CSF is also a growth factor for erythroid; megakaryocyte and eosinophil progenitors. On mature hematopoietic; monocytes/ macrophages and eosinophils. GM-CSF has a functional role on non-hematopoitic cells. It can induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally; GM-CSF can also stimulate the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines; including osteogenic sarcoma; carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines.

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