Background
Interleukin 1 receptor, type I (IL-1R1) is an interleukin receptor that belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family. IL-1R1 is an 80 kDa transmembrane protein that is expressed predominantly by T cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. This gene along with IL1R2, IL1RL2, and IL1RL1 form a cytokine receptor gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q12. IL-1R1 is an important mediator involved in many cytokine induced immune and inflammatory responses. It binds to interleukin-1 associates with the corecptor IL1RAP to form the high affinity interleukin-1 receptor complex which mediates interleukin-1-dependent activation of NF-kappa-B, MAPK and other pathways. The signaling involves the recruitment of adapter molecules such as TOLLIP, MYD88, and IRAK1 or IRAK2 via the respective TIR domains of the receptor/coreceptor subunits. It also binds ligands with comparable affinity and binding of antagonist IL1RN prevents association with IL1RAP to form a signaling complex. An IL1 receptor accessory protein that can heterodimerize with the Type I receptor in the presence of IL1α or IL1β but not IL1ra, was identified. Recombinant IL1 soluble receptor Type I is a potent antagonist of IL1 action.
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