QuicKey Pro Human sTREM-1 (Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1) ELISA Kit (E-OSEL-H0076)

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 1 (TREM1), a member of the TREM protein family, regulates the activities of various cell types in the immune system, including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, microglia,and dendritic cells. These receptors belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily, characterized by a single V-type immunoglobulin (Ig) domain and a short cytoplasmic tail. TREM1 binds to the signaling adaptor protein DAP12, a protein containing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), which becomes phosphorylated and transmits signals upon activation.TREM1 serves as a pattern recognition receptor on innate immune effector cells. As an upstream factor of inflammation, extracellular bacteria, lipopolysaccharides, etc., can promote the upregulation of TREM1. Its expression is upregulated in sepsis, leading to complications such as lung injury. As a cell surface receptor, TREM1 plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity and can amplify the inflammatory response. After being activated by various ligands such as PGLYRP1, HMGB1, or HSP70, TREM1 undergoes multimerization and forms a complex with the transmembrane adaptor protein TYROBP/DAP12. Subsequently, it initiates a SYK-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation cascade, activating multiple downstream mediators such as BTK, MAPK1, MAPK3, or phospholipase C-γ. This cascade promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or chemokines mediated by neutrophils and macrophages, as well as their migration, thereby amplifying the inflammatory response triggered by bacterial and fungal infections. Additionally, it facilitates the amplification of inflammatory signals initially triggered by the binding of Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors, playing an important role in the pathophysiological processes of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of different etiologies, including septic shock and atherosclerosis.