Rat CD48 (Cluster Of Differentiation 48) ELISA Kit (E-EL-R3080)

This ELISA kit uses the Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Rat CD48. Standards or samples are added to the micro ELISA plate wells and combined with the specific antibody. Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Rat CD48 and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate are added successively to each micro plate well and incubated. Free components are washed away. The substrate solution is added to each well. Only those wells that contain Rat CD48, biotinylated detection antibody and Avidin-HRP conjugate will appear blue in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of stop solution and the color turns yellow. The optical density (OD) is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm ± 9 nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Rat CD48. You can calculate the concentration of Rat CD48 in the samples by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

CD48 protein is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface protein belonging to the CD2 subfamily of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). Its basic functions include acting as an adhesion molecule and co-stimulatory molecule, participating in the adhesion, activation, and signal transduction of immune cells by binding to ligands such as CD2, CD244 (2B4), and bacterial component FimH.Structurally, CD48 consists of a signal peptide, two immunoglobulin-like variable regions (IgV), and two constant regions (IgC2), without a transmembrane domain. Instead, it is fixed to the cell membrane through a GPI anchor structure at the C-terminus. This structure enables it to interact with Src family kinase Lck through lipid raft regions, thereby triggering tyrosine phosphorylation and related signaling pathways.CD48 is expressed on the surface of various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK cells), dendritic cells (DCs), and mast cells, and its expression is regulated by multiple factors such as viral and bacterial products as well as inflammatory cytokines. By binding to ligands, CD48 can activate Lck kinase, promote TCR signaling, enhance T cell activation, and regulate effector functions in NK cells and CTLs.CD48 also has significant clinical implications, such as serving as a target for immunotherapy in the treatment research of multiple myeloma and other cancers.