CellaQuant™ Rat IL-10 (Interleukin 10) ELISA Kit (CQR004)

This ELISA kit uses the Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Rat IL-10. Samples (or Standards &Quality Control Material) are added to the micro ELISA plate wells and combined with the specific antibody. Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Rat IL-10 and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate are added successively to each micro plate well and incubated. Free components are washed away. The substrate solution is added to each well. Only those wells that contain Rat IL-10, biotinylated detection antibody and Avidin-HRP conjugate will appear blue in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of stop solution and the color turns yellow. The optical density (OD) is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450±2 nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Rat IL-10. You can calculate the concentration of Rat IL-10 in the samples by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), initially termed Cytokine Synthesis Inhibitory Factor (CSIF), is a pivotal immunoregulatory cytokine with profound anti-inflammatory functions. It is primarily produced by activated macrophages, but also by various lymphocytes and stromal cells. IL-10 signals through a heterotetrameric receptor complex composed of two IL-10Rα and two IL-10Rβ subunits. Binding triggers JAK1-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3, which translocates to the nucleus to drive the expression of anti-inflammatory genes. Its primary mechanism involves targeting antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as macrophages and monocytes. IL-10 potently suppresses their production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1) and downregulates MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules, thereby inhibiting T cell activation. This curbs excessive inflammation and limits tissue damage. However, IL-10 exhibits context-dependent duality. While it supports regulatory T cell function and is generally immunosuppressive, it can also stimulate immune responses in specific settings like the tumor microenvironment, promoting CD8+ T cell activity. Consequently, dysregulated IL-10 is implicated in pathologies ranging from autoimmune diseases and persistent infections to cancer. Thus, IL-10 is a master regulator essential for immune homeostasis, balancing protective immunity with inflammatory suppression.