Human HMGB-1(High Mobility group protein B1) ELISA Kit (E-EL-H1554)

This ELISA kit uses the Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human HMGB-1. Standards or samples are added to the micro ELISA plate wells and combined with the specific antibody. Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Human HMGB-1 and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate are added successively to each micro plate well and incubated. Free components are washed away. The substrate solution is added to each well. Only those wells that contain Human HMGB-1, biotinylated detection antibody and Avidin-HRP conjugate will appear blue in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of stop solution and the color turns yellow. The optical density (OD) is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm ± 2 nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Human HMGB-1. You can calculate the concentration of Human HMGB-1 in the samples by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved non-histone chromosomal protein of about 25 kDa that contains two positively charged DNA-binding domains, box A and box B, and an acidic C-terminal tail. In the nucleus it functions as a DNA chaperone that bends and untwists DNA to support transcription, chromatin remodeling, nucleosome assembly, DNA repair, telomere maintenance and genome stability, and it is expressed in virtually all eukaryotic cells. Depending on its redox state, HMGB1 is actively secreted by activated immune cells or passively released from necrotic, apoptotic and damaged cells, and extracellularly it acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule. Through Toll-like receptors TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) it stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, recruits and activates leukocytes and promotes dendritic cell maturation, thereby bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Circulating HMGB1 is a biomarker of sepsis, trauma, ischemia-reperfusion injury and autoimmunity, and it also participates in atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer, serving as both a diagnostic indicator and a therapeutic target in inflammation. Measurement of HMGB1 supports studies of sterile inflammation and tissue injury as well as monitoring of disease severity and therapeutic response in critical illness.