Human IFN-γ(Interferon Gamma) ELISA Kit (E-EL-H0108)

This ELISA kit uses the Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human IFN-γ. Standards or samples are added to the micro ELISA plate wells and combined with the specific antibody. Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Human IFN-γ and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate are added successively to each micro plate well and incubated. Free components are washed away. The substrate solution is added to each well. Only those wells that contain Human IFN-γ, biotinylated detection antibody and Avidin-HRP conjugate will appear blue in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of stop solution and the color turns yellow. The optical density (OD) is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm ± 2 nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Human IFN-γ. You can calculate the concentration of Human IFN-γ in the samples by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), also called type II interferon, is a prototypic proinflammatory cytokine with broad immunoregulatory activity and is structurally and functionally distinct from type I interferons. It is produced mainly by T cells and natural killer cells during inflammation, is secreted as a homodimer, and signals through the IFN-gamma receptor subunits R1 and R2 to activate the JAK-STAT1 pathway. As the principal macrophage-activating factor, IFN-gamma is essential for defense against intracellular pathogens including viruses and bacteria. It enhances microbicidal activity and production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, upregulates major histocompatibility complex molecules, promotes Th1 differentiation and regulates B-cell class switching, with antiviral, antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. Anti-inflammatory properties can also appear through regulatory T cells, so net effects depend on context and timing in coordinating clearance of infected and malignant cells. This pleiotropy places IFN-gamma in important roles in protective immunity and in immunopathology such as atherosclerosis. Measuring its concentration assesses Th1 responses, supports diagnosis of intracellular infections such as tuberculosis through interferon-gamma release assays, and monitors the effects of immunotherapy and cytokine therapy, thereby bridging basic immunology and clinical diagnosis.