Human INS(Insulin) ELISA Kit (E-EL-H2665)

This ELISA kit uses the Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human INS. Standards or samples are added to the micro ELISA plate wells and combined with the specific antibody. Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Human INS and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate are added successively to each micro plate well and incubated. Free components are washed away. The substrate solution is added to each well. Only those wells that contain Human INS, biotinylated detection antibody and Avidin-HRP conjugate will appear blue in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of stop solution and the color turns yellow. The optical density (OD) is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm ± 2 nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Human INS. You can calculate the concentration of Human INS in the samples by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Insulin (INS) is the principal anabolic peptide hormone of the endocrine pancreas, produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets from preproinsulin by removal of the signal peptide, oxidative folding and excision of the connecting C-peptide. The mature hormone comprises an A chain and a B chain joined by two interchain disulfide bonds plus one intrachain bond, and it is stored in secretory granules as zinc-stabilized hexamers before regulated release. Binding of insulin to the tyrosine kinase insulin receptor activates IRS/PI3K/AKT and MAPK cascades that promote GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue, glycogen synthesis, lipid synthesis and protein synthesis, while suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis and adipocyte lipolysis. Secretion is coupled to blood glucose and is further modulated by amino acids, fatty acids and incretin hormones, transmitting nutritional status to peripheral tissues. Deficient secretion or impaired peripheral responsiveness produces diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance is the central defect of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This ELISA kit enables quantitative determination of insulin in serum, plasma and other biological samples; measured together with glucose and C-peptide, insulin supports assessment of beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity and diabetes classification, and underpins disease classification and therapeutic monitoring in metabolic research.