Human TLR4(Toll-Like Receptor 4) ELISA Kit (E-EL-H5820)

This ELISA kit uses the Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human TLR4. Standards or samples are added to the micro ELISA plate wells and combined with the specific antibody. Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Human TLR4 and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate are added successively to each micro plate well and incubated. Free components are washed away. The substrate solution is added to each well. Only those wells that contain Human TLR4, biotinylated detection antibody and Avidin-HRP conjugate will appear blue in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of stop solution and the color turns yellow. The optical density (OD) is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm ± 2 nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Human TLR4. You can calculate the concentration of Human TLR4 in the samples by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Human Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a type I transmembrane pattern-recognition receptor of the Toll-like receptor family and the principal sensor of lipopolysaccharide. Its ectodomain comprises leucine-rich repeats that mediate ligand association through the accessory protein MD-2, while a single transmembrane segment connects to a cytoplasmic Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain responsible for signaling. The receptor is expressed on monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and endothelial and epithelial cells, monitoring extracellular microbial and damage signals. Lipopolysaccharide transferred from CD14 to the MD-2 pocket induces dimerization of two receptor complexes and juxtaposition of their TIR domains. MyD88-dependent signaling drives NF-kappaB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, whereas TRIF-dependent signaling induces type I interferons. The receptor also recognizes damage-associated molecular patterns and free fatty acids, contributing to sterile inflammation. Because TLR4 sits at the apex of a potent pro-inflammatory cascade, its dysregulation is linked to sepsis, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative disease. Measurement of cell-surface or soluble TLR4 helps assess innate immune activation. This ELISA kit enables quantitative determination of TLR4, supporting research on inflammation and metabolic disease.