QuicKey Pro Human GDF15 (Growth Differentiation Factor 15) ELISA Kit (E-OSEL-H0036)

This ELISA kit uses the Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human GDF15. Samples (or Standards) and Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) linked antibody specific for Human GDF15 are added to the micro ELISA plate wells. Human GDF15 in samples (or standards) combines with the coated antibody and HRP linked detection antibody special to Human GDF15.Excess conjugate and unbound sample or standard are washed from the plate. The substrate solution is added to each well. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of stop solution and the color turns yellow. The optical density (OD) is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm ± 2 nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Human GDF15. The concentration of Human GDF15 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

GDF-15 is a member of the TGF-β superfamily. GDF-15 is expressed as a 308 amino acids precursor that includes a signal peptide, a pro-domain, and a 112 residue mature protein. The secreted pro-domain binds to the extracellular matrix, where it can be activated by multiple enzymes such as furin (PCSK3), PCSK5, PCSK6, MMP-26, and MT1-MMP. GDF-15 is mainly expressed in placenta and prostate. Its expression is low in other tissues such as kidney, bladder, stomach, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. GDF-15 is highly expressed in cancer cells with high levels detected in serum of cancer patients. GDF-15 has an important role in metabolic syndrome. GDF-15 transgenic mice present a lean phenotype. Furthermore, GDF-15 affects the macrophages in adipose tissue. Lean adipose tissue is characterized by the presence of anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages. In obese individuals, adipose tissue show presence of CD8 effector cells and recruitment of inflammatory M1 macrophages. The increase of M1 macrophages over M2 results in metabolic changes, increase of TNFα, induction of glucose intolerance, and insulin insensitivity. GDF-15 binds to the GDNF receptor family member alpha like (GFRAL) which interacts with the co-receptor RET.