Rabbit TNF-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha) ELISA Kit (E-EL-RB0011)

This ELISA kit uses the Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Rabbit TNF-α. Standards or samples are added to the micro ELISA plate wells and combined with the specific antibody. Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Rabbit TNF-α and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate are added successively to each micro plate well and incubated. Free components are washed away. The substrate solution is added to each well. Only those wells that contain Rabbit TNF-α, biotinylated detection antibody and Avidin-HRP conjugate will appear blue in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of stop solution and the color turns yellow. The optical density (OD) is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm ± 2 nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Rabbit TNF-α. You can calculate the concentration of Rabbit TNF-α in the samples by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Human CHGA (chromogranin A, also called CgA) is an acidic secreted glycoprotein and the principal member of the granin family, stored within the dense-core secretory granules of neuroendocrine cells and neurons. It is highly acidic and binds calcium, and it is generated by intragranular proteolytic processing of a larger precursor. CHGA is expressed in virtually all normal neuroendocrine cells, including those of the pituitary, adrenal medulla, pancreatic islets, thyroid C cells and the gastroenteropancreatic and bronchial endocrine system, where it is co-stored and co-released with peptide hormones and neurotransmitters, making it a reliable marker of the neuroendocrine system. Within the regulated secretory pathway CHGA contributes to dense-core granule biogenesis and to the sorting and packaging of hormones and transmitters, and upon stimulation it is co-released and can restrain further hormone release. It also serves as the precursor of several bioactive fragments, notably vasostatin and pancreastatin, which modulate vascular tone, insulin secretion, catecholamine release and innate immune responses. CHGA is the most widely used circulating marker of neuroendocrine tumors and is applied in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of carcinoids, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and related conditions; concentrations also rise in renal failure and during proton pump inhibitor therapy. This ELISA kit enables quantitative determination of human CHGA in serum, plasma and other biological samples, supporting neuroendocrine tumor research.