TGF-β1(Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1) ELISA Kit (E-EL-0162)

This ELISA kit uses the Sandwich-ELISA principle. The micro ELISA plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Universal TGF-β1. Standards or samples are added to the micro ELISA plate wells and combined with the specific antibody. Then a biotinylated detection antibody specific for Universal TGF-β1 and Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) conjugate are added successively to each micro plate well and incubated. Free components are washed away. The substrate solution is added to each well. Only those wells that contain Universal TGF-β1, biotinylated detection antibody and Avidin-HRP conjugate will appear blue in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of stop solution and the color turns yellow. The optical density (OD) is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm ± 2 nm. The OD value is proportional to the concentration of Universal TGF-β1. You can calculate the concentration of Universal TGF-β1 in the samples by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) is a multifunctional cytokine of approximately 44 kDa that regulates cell growth, differentiation, extracellular matrix production and immune responses. It is synthesized as a precursor in which the latency-associated peptide (LAP) maintains the molecule in an inactive state, allowing the latent complex to be stored in the extracellular matrix before activation releases the mature cytokine. Activation is controlled by LAP, integrins, proteases and mechanical tension, after which TGF-beta1 engages the TGFBR receptor complex and phosphorylates SMAD2 and SMAD3, which together with SMAD4 regulate target gene transcription. In a concentration-dependent manner it directs the differentiation of regulatory T cells or Th17 cells and is essential for wound healing, bone remodeling and organogenesis. Measurement of TGF-beta1 is important in fibrosis, cancer and immunology research, where dysregulation is linked to fibrotic disease, tumor progression and autoimmunity. Elevations mark pulmonary, hepatic and renal fibrosis, and its immunosuppressive activity makes it a therapeutic target. Because the cytokine circulates in both latent and active forms, distinguishing the two is necessary for correct interpretation.